The coin usually is the hard material, the usual metal or the metal material piece, usually in the disc shape, with frequently issued by the government. The coin is used took the money the form in various type transaction, from circulates every day the coin to the vast considerable amount storage gold bar coin. In present, coin and bill composition cash form all modern money system. The coin is made (General the monetized use) is usually used for the circulation for lowers the unit which takes, with bill for on limiting value; Also, in the most moneys system, on the limiting value coin is worth compared to the being low value note. The circulation coin face value is more usual than the metal total value is high-level used is doing they, but this generally no longer is the actual situation and the historical circulation coin is made by the noble metal. For example, the historical eagle (the American coin) has contained troy ounce gold and has the merely ten US dollars face values, but the coin market value, as a result of its metal content, now is many time face value. Coin face value rule exception high-level compared to content value, and occurs for some non- monetize "gold bar coin" is made or the gold by the silver (and, are very few, other metals, for example platinum or arrowhead used in ancient times), care for the collector or the investor in the noble metal. Take the present monetary equivalent collector/investor coin, US is thin 菏 as the example US gold eagle, Canadian thin 菏 Canada gold 枫叶, with South African thin 菏 Krugerrand. The American gold eagle has US$50 the face value, and the Canadian gold maple tree leaf coin and nominally has (purely 象征性) the face value (namely, 50 is 1 ounce. ); But Krugerrand not. The coin and the money concept by for a long time has likely connected, in other language expression "casting" fact and "currency" reflection synonymy character. Fictionalizes the currency perhaps and the burden naming coin (, perhaps project said is worth 123 coins or 123 coins). According to its value took collector's project, the coin by the design its situation, the concrete historical significance, rare, quality/beauty and the general popularity generally causes or is not more valuable and the collector. If the coin earth lacks very much in any these, it is not too possibly worth. The gold bar coin and is taken to act according to these factors, but mainly is taken to act according to the gold or the silver value in them. Sometimes non- monetize gold bar coin for example Canada 枫叶 and the American gold eagle compared to the metal price 值更 compared to 象征性 the numeral is minted by the nominal surface 值更 slightly in them, but when such coin never cares for the circulation, the thse value numeral is not the market also does not order the value, with never is. The most coins are at present made the alkaline metal, and their value comes from theirs condition to work as order money. This meant, coin value by goverment order (law) under aim, and by open market thus determined only works as the domestic currency clothing from to the arbitrage in the international trade. This causes such coin is the money symbol similarly was feeling that, the paper money is, when the paper money directly does not support by the metal, but rather guaranteed by the goods or the service international exchange government. Some suggested such coin under did not think is "real coin" (sees also). But, because the order money by some considerable amount government guaranteed the support goods and the service, this value counter- reason open market currency exchange rate had determined, is similar and behind the definite metal value the commodity money, in there practice is very little the practical economical difference between two types moneys argument for the international market exchange value (type currency). Has the order value low coin perhaps compared to theirs component metal value is minted, but this intentionally and never does at first for circulates the coin, will occur with later only in the suitable route in the coin production history as a result of the inflation, because the market value will overtake the face value for the metal which the coin the order declared. This kind of phenomenon example including pre-1964 US angle money, quarter, half US dollar, and US dollar, American nickel, with pre-1982 US penny. As a result of the increase according to the copper value, the American earth reduced the considerable amount copper very much in each penny. From 1982, the American penny by 97.5% was made the zinc to put on the coat according to 2.5% coppers. The extreme difference causes the coin between the order value and the coin metallic value to remove from the market feels by the illegal fining labor the interest to their metal content value. In fact, US is thin 菏, anticipated this practice, the new temporary rule which implements in December 14, in 2006, according to publicly comments 30 day, the criminalize penny and nickels. [ 1 ] the violating melting and the exportation possibly is punished fines $10,000 take and/or by the imprisonment as five years maximum value. The world first coin question was for a long time and still debated. It was widely believed in the currency scientist that, Lydians has not developed the world the first coin, although some argue said the coin initiates to China or, India's karshapana is world first coin. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] an early coin from Caria, the Asian youth, including legendary "I is the Phanes badge," mostly the early Lydian piece though has the writing in them, just 象征性 animal. Therefore the appointment these coin dependence main archaeology evidence, with are cited most together the evidence comes from the excavation in the Artemis temple in Ephesos, and called Ephesian (later will be able to transform ancient world seven miracles middle) Artemision. Many early Lydian coins have been struck compared to the real coin (manufacture) the authority and not allow under the personal individual to doubt is thus is similar to symbolizes, though because it is obvious their digital some is the official condition question, is makes the coin with Alyattes King Lydia frequently the creator which mentions. In the history, the government compared to the noble metal their supply to be able to allow the manner to know the creation to make the coin. Is replaced the coin noble metal content some score with the alkaline metal (frequently copper or nickel), each independent coin proper value reduced ("therefore insults" they money), permission casting authority production more coins compared to otherwise possible. Debasement sometimes occurs in order to cause the coin harder and therefore is more impossible the troublesome achievement to be rapid. Money Debasement nearly always leads to fix a price the inflation only if the price regulation and sets up by the government authority, frequently will have in the situation in the black market. US is unusual because it little revises it to make the coin system (except image and sign in coin, changed certain quantity order) to hold two centuries inflation. A minute coin changed point since 1864 (in 1982 although its constitution is changed from coin cancellation all coppers and still retains in fact) is circulating, although the earth is reduced very much purchasing power. In the spectrum another ending, the biggest coin in the common circulation is 25 minute, the low value compares for the biggest weight unit coin with other countries. In the copper, the nickel, with the zinc price recent increase, meant that, US one and five minute coins now are the price 值更 are many for their unfinished metal content compare their face (order) the value. Specially, the copper one divided the piece (these appointments in 1982 and in front of some 1,982 signs date coin) the present contains the about two minute values coppers. Before is circulation coin some weight unit minted no longer is done in US. These including the coin by a half face value each minute, two divide, three divides, 20 divides, two US dollar and 50 minute, three US dollar, five US dollar, ten US dollars, with 20 US dollars. Moreover, divides a nearly half slightly is at first greater than each ounce which and considers the modern quarter, when five coins compared a jiao Qian Xiao and have been done the silver alloy. US dollar and is bigger and calls approximately an ounce. Half US dollar and a US dollar coin is still produced but is short very much is used. US and has the gold bar and the commemorative coin to below weighs the unit: 50., $1, $5, $10, $25, $50, and $,100. Grinds, or with the bushes lid, the edge was still discovered (always these once was made in many coins by gold or silver, since) at first is not that now designed the expression, not the valuable metal has blown the coin. In to in front of the edge use which grinds, the circulation coin suffers "to blow together", the unscrupulous person can blow the small amount noble metal from the edge. Has not ground the pound silver coin knew blows to a half their nearly minted weight. This debasement form has caused the Gresham law formulation in the Tudor England. The monarch gradually meeting must recall the circulation coin, the payment only silver, with re thin 菏 gold bar value they. In the tradition, the coin side delivers the monarch or other authorities busts, either a national emblem, calls obverse, either spoken language, head. Opposite party calls opposite, or spoken language, tail. But, the rule is violated in certain situations. [ 2 ] other rules are, delivers year minting is obverse, although certain Chinese casting, most Canadian coin, England's 20p coin, and all Japanese coin, is an exception. The obverse orientation talks about opposite differently between the country. Some coins have the coin orientation, the coin must be vertical are turned over look opposite party; Other coins, for example England's coin, has the medallic orientation, the coin must horizontal turn over looks opposite party. Exergue is the space in a coin under the main design, frequently uses the demonstration coin the date, although it is sometimes left behind the blank or contains a peppermint the mark, the restroom mark, either some other decorations or information design characteristic. Many coins not exergue basic, and they are most together or do not have the legendary for example Victorian small circle bread penny in the coin by a spot. The coin generally is used takes a little two-sided mold; In order to choose between two choices by one free possibility, a choice is marked "" and other "tail," and the coin is turned over or "is thrown" to look whether or the tail does come out in above. Sees also the Bernoulli experiment; A fair coin is defined has the head the possibility (in the Bernoulli experiment, "succeeds the" view) accurately 0.5. Cannot cause "a market" not assymetrical coin a widespread public example to cause the flip, is a Belgian Europe coin [ 3 ]. Sees also the coin turn over. One side the coin sometimes falsifies causes the name to be more, in order to imitate is not the fair fair type coin in fact. Such coin is considered the "weight. "
